1.  Arithmetic Operators:
Arithmetic operators are the building blocks for performing mathematical calculations within SQL queries. The basic arithmetic operators include addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), and division (/). These operators can be used to manipulate numeric data types, making it easy to perform calculations directly within the database.

Example:

SELECT salary * 1.1 AS increased_salary
FROM employees;

2. Comparison Operators:
Comparison operators allow us to compare values and determine relationships between them. Common comparison operators include “=”, “<>”, “<“, “>”, “<=”, and “>=”. These operators are crucial for constructing queries that involve filtering and sorting data based on specific conditions.

Example:

SELECT *
FROM products
WHERE price > 100;

3. Logical Operators:
Logical operators, such as AND, OR, and NOT, are used to combine multiple conditions within a SQL query. These operators play a vital role in constructing complex queries that involve multiple criteria for data retrieval.

Example:

SELECT *
FROM orders
WHERE (status = 'shipped' OR status = 'processing') AND total_amount > 500;

4. LIKE Operator:
The LIKE operator is used for pattern matching within string values. It allows the use of wildcard characters such as ‘%’ (matches any sequence of characters) and ‘_’ (matches any single character), providing flexibility in searching for data based on patterns.

Example:

SELECT *
FROM customers
WHERE first_name LIKE 'J%';

5. IN Operator:
The IN operator is used to filter data based on a set of specified values. It simplifies queries where you want to retrieve records that match any value within a predefined list.

Example:

SELECT *
FROM products
WHERE category_id IN (1, 3, 5);