C++ Basic Input/Output -

C++ Basic Input/Output

Input and output in C++ refer to the process of sending data into and out of your program. This data can come from various sources, such as the keyboard, files, or other devices, and it can be displayed on the screen or saved for later use. The C++ Standard Library (iostream) provides a convenient way to perform these operations.

In the below PDF we discuss about Input/Output in detail in simple language, Hope this will help in better understanding.

The iostream Library:

In C++, the primary components of I/O are encapsulated in the iostream library, which stands for “input-output stream.”

The two primary stream classes provided by this library are istream (for input) and ostream (for output), which are both derived from the ios base class.

Here’s a quick overview:

istream: Used for reading data from input sources, such as the keyboard or files.
ostream: Used for writing data to output destinations, such as the console or files.

You’ve probably seen cin and cout in C++ code before. These are instances of istream and ostream objects, respectively. They make it easy to perform common input and output operations.

Basic Input with cin:

The cin object is your gateway to receiving input from the user. You can use it to read various data types like integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and strings. Here’s a simple example of reading an integer from the user:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
int num;
std::cout << "Enter an integer: ";
std::cin >> num;
std::cout << "You entered: " << num << std::endl;
return 0;
}

In this example, std::cout is used for output, and std::cin is used for input. The >> operator is used to extract data from the input stream into the num variable.

Basic Output with cout:

The cout object is your tool for displaying information to the user. You can use it to print text, numbers, and other data to the console. Here’s an example:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
return 0;
}

In this simple program, std::cout is used to print the “Hello, World!” message to the console