Semiconductor physics is a branch of solid-state physics that deals with the behavior and properties of semiconductors. Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity between that of a conductor (e.g., copper) and an insulator (e.g., glass). They are widely used in electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits.

Semiconductor physics studies the behavior of electrons and holes (positively charged vacancies in the valence band) in semiconductors, as well as the interactions between these particles and the semiconductor lattice. It also explores the optical and thermal properties of semiconductors and the mechanisms behind their electrical conductivity.

Some of the important concepts in semiconductor physics include energy bands, doping, carrier mobility, and recombination. Energy bands refer to the allowed energy levels for electrons in a solid material. Doping is the process of intentionally adding impurities (such as boron or phosphorus) to a semiconductor to alter its electrical properties. Carrier mobility is a measure of how easily electrons and holes move through a semiconductor, while recombination refers to the process of an electron and a hole combining and releasing energy. Overall, semiconductor physics is a key field for understanding the behavior of semiconductors and developing new electronic devices.