1. Unit Testing:
Unit testing involves testing individual components or modules of the software to validate that each unit performs as expected. Developers usually perform unit tests during the development phase to detect and fix bugs early in the process. Automated testing frameworks like JUnit and NUnit facilitate the execution of unit tests efficiently.

2. Integration Testing:
Integration testing evaluates the interaction between different components or modules to ensure they function correctly together. It focuses on detecting defects in the interfaces and interactions between integrated units. Integration testing can be performed using various approaches such as top-down, bottom-up, or a combination of both.

3. Functional Testing:
Functional testing evaluates the software’s functionality against specified requirements. Test cases are designed to verify that the software behaves as intended, performing tasks according to user expectations. This type of testing ensures that all features work correctly and meet the user’s needs.

4. Regression Testing:
Regression testing ensures that recent code changes haven’t adversely affected existing functionalities. It involves re-running previously executed test cases to validate that the new code modifications haven’t introduced new bugs or caused regression in the software. Automation tools are often used to streamline the execution of regression tests.

5. Performance Testing:
Performance testing evaluates the responsiveness, stability, and scalability of the software under different load conditions. It helps identify performance bottlenecks, such as slow response times or memory leaks, and ensures the software can handle the expected workload without degradation in performance. Load testing, stress testing, and scalability testing are common types of performance testing.

6. Security Testing:
Security testing focuses on identifying vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the software’s security mechanisms. It involves various techniques to assess the software’s ability to protect data, prevent unauthorized access, and withstand potential attacks. Security testing helps ensure that sensitive information remains secure and that the software complies with relevant security standards and regulations.

7. Usability Testing:
Usability testing evaluates the software’s user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) to assess its ease of use and effectiveness. Testers simulate real user interactions to identify any usability issues, such as confusing navigation or unclear instructions. Usability testing helps enhance the software’s user-friendliness and ensures a positive user experience.

8. Compatibility Testing:
Compatibility testing ensures that the software performs as expected across different environments, devices, and operating systems. It verifies compatibility with various browsers, devices, screen resolutions, and network configurations to ensure a consistent user experience across diverse platforms. Compatibility testing helps reach a broader audience and maximize the software’s accessibility.