Strings in C
Strings in C, It is a sequence of characters that is used to represent text-based data. Strings are one of the fundamental data types in C, and they play a crucial role in many programming tasks involving text processing, user input, and data manipulation. In C, strings are actually represented as arrays of characters.
In C, a string is an array of characters terminated by the null character ‘\0’. This null character indicates the end of the string and is used to differentiate between the logical end of the string and the physical end of the array.
In the below PDF we discuss about Strings in detail in simple language, Hope this will help in better understanding.
Strings Input and Output:
C provides the printf() function to print strings and the scanf() function to read strings from the user. The %s format specifier is used with printf() and scanf() to indicate strings.
For Example:
char name[50];
printf("Enter your name: ");
scanf("%s", name);
printf("Hello, %s!\n", name);
String Functions in C:
C comes with a set of built-in string functions that simplify string manipulation. Some commonly used functions include:
- strlen(): Returns the length of a string (excluding the null character).
- strcpy(): Copies one string to another.
- strcat(): Concatenates one string to the end of another.
- strcmp(): Compares two strings and returns an integer indicating their relationship.
- strchr(): Searches for a specific character in a string and returns a pointer to its first occurrence.
For Example:
#include <string.h>
char source[] = "Hello";
char destination[20];
strcpy(destination, source);
printf("Copied string: %s\n", destination);
strcat(destination, ", world!");
printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", destination);
if (strcmp(source, destination) == 0) {
printf("Strings are equal.\n");
} else {
printf("Strings are not equal.\n");
}
Related Question
In C programming, a string is a sequence of characters terminated by the null character ‘\0’. It is represented as an array of characters.
Strings are stored as arrays of characters in contiguous memory locations. The last character is always the null character, which marks the end of the string.
You can declare and initialize a string using an array of characters. For example: char message[] = “Hello”;
The null character ‘\0’ (ASCII value 0) marks the end of a string. It is essential for functions to determine the length of a string and to avoid overstepping the array’s bounds.
The strlen() function from the string.h library is used to find the length of a string (excluding the null character).
A string literal is a sequence of characters enclosed in double quotes. For example: “Hello, world!”. String literals are automatically null-terminated.
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