SQL data types can be broadly categorized into several groups:

1.  Numeric Data Types:
Numeric data types are used to store numeric values such as integers and floating-point numbers. Common examples include INTEGER, BIGINT, DECIMAL, and FLOAT. Choosing the appropriate numeric data type is crucial for optimizing storage and ensuring accurate representation of numerical values.

CREATE TABLE example_table (
id INTEGER,
price DECIMAL(10, 2),
quantity INT
);

2. Character String Data Types:
Character string data types are designed to store text values. VARCHAR, CHAR, and TEXT are commonly used types in this category. VARCHAR is variable-length, while CHAR is fixed-length. The choice between them depends on the expected length of the data.

CREATE TABLE employee (
first_name VARCHAR(50),
last_name CHAR(30),
bio TEXT
);

3. Date and Time Data Types:
Date and time data types are used to store temporal information. Examples include DATE, TIME, TIMESTAMP, and INTERVAL. Understanding these types is crucial for accurately representing and manipulating time-related data in your database.

CREATE TABLE event (
event_name VARCHAR(100),
event_date DATE,
start_time TIME,
end_time TIMESTAMP
);

4. Boolean Data Type:
The BOOLEAN data type is used to store true or false values. It’s particularly useful for columns that represent binary choices, such as ‘active’ or ‘inactive’, ‘yes’ or ‘no’.

CREATE TABLE user_status (
user_id INT,
is_active BOOLEAN
);

5. Binary Data Types:
Binary data types are used to store binary data, such as images or documents. BLOB (Binary Large Object) and VARBINARY are examples of binary data types.

CREATE TABLE document (
document_id INT,
file_data BLOB
);