Flutter follows a layered architecture pattern that facilitates the separation of concerns and promotes code reusability and maintainability. Let’s break down Flutter’s architecture into its key components:

• Flutter Engine: The foundation of Flutter, the engine provides low-level rendering support using Google’s Skia graphics library. It handles tasks such as layout, rendering, animation, and gestures, ensuring smooth performance across various devices.
• Dart Framework: Flutter apps are written in Dart, a modern, object-oriented language developed by Google. Dart provides the building blocks for creating UI components, managing state, handling asynchronous operations, and interacting with platform-specific APIs.
• Widgets: Widgets are the fundamental building blocks of Flutter UIs. Everything in Flutter, from buttons and text inputs to complex layouts, is a widget. Flutter offers two types of widgets: stateless widgets, which are immutable and only depend on their configuration, and stateful widgets, which can maintain state and update their appearance in response to user interactions or changes in data.
• Material Design and Cupertino Widgets: Flutter provides a rich set of pre-designed widgets following Google’s Material Design guidelines for Android apps and Apple’s Cupertino design language for iOS apps. These widgets not only ensure a consistent look and feel across platforms but also streamline the development process by abstracting away platform-specific differences.
• Widgets Composition and Rendering: Flutter leverages a declarative UI paradigm, where widgets describe how the UI should look based on the current state of the application. When the state changes, Flutter efficiently updates the UI by comparing the previous and current widget trees and rendering only the necessary changes.
• State Management: Managing state is a critical aspect of building Flutter apps, especially as they grow in complexity. Flutter offers various state management solutions, including setState for managing local state within widgets, Provider for global state management using the InheritedWidget mechanism, and packages like Riverpod, Bloc, Redux, and MobX for more advanced state management patterns.
• Platform Channels: Flutter allows seamless integration with platform-specific code through platform channels, enabling developers to access native features and functionalities not provided by the Flutter framework directly. This mechanism facilitates interoperability between Flutter and the underlying platform, whether it’s Android, iOS, or even web and desktop.