Conditional Statements in C++ -

Conditional Statements in C++

Conditional statements are a fundamental part of any programming language, including C++. They allow you to make decisions in your code, execute specific blocks of code based on certain conditions, and control the flow of your program. In this blog, we will dive into conditional statements in C++ and explore how they work, why they are essential, and how to use them effectively.

Conditional statements, also known as control structures, are used to perform different actions based on whether a certain condition evaluates to true or false. They help you write programs that can make decisions and adapt to various situations dynamically.

In the below PDF we discuss about conditional Statements in detail in simple language, Hope this will help in better understanding.

Types of Conditional Statements:

In C++, there are primarily three types of conditional statements:

1.if statement:
The if statement is the most basic conditional statement. It allows you to execute a block of code only if a specified condition is true.

2.if else statement:
The else statement is often used in conjunction with the if statement. It provides an alternative block of code to be executed when the condition in the if statement is false.

3.if else if statement:
The else if statement allows you to test multiple conditions one after another. It is used when you have more than two possible outcomes.

If Statement:

The basic syntax of the if statement in C++ is as follows:


if (condition) {
// Code to be executed if the condition is true
}

Here’s an example that checks if a number is positive:


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int number;
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> number;

if (number > 0) {
cout << "The number is positive." << endl;
}

return 0;
}

In this example, the code inside the if block will only be executed if the condition number > 0 is true.

if else statement:

Often, you want to handle both the true and false cases of a condition. This is where the else statement comes in. Here’s an example that checks if a number is positive or negative:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int number;
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> number;

if (number > 0) {
cout << "The number is positive." << endl;
} else {
cout << "The number is non-positive (zero or negative)." << endl;
}

return 0;
}

In this code, if the condition number > 0 is false, the code inside the else block will be executed.

if else if Statement:

When you have multiple conditions to check, you can use else if statements. They allow you to test different conditions one by one and execute the corresponding block of code for the first true condition found. Here’s an example that categorizes a number as positive, negative, or zero:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int number;
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> number;

if (number > 0) {
cout << "The number is positive." << endl;
} else if (number < 0) {
cout << "The number is negative." << endl;
} else {
cout << "The number is zero." << endl;
}

return 0;
}

In this code, the else if statements are evaluated in order, and the first one that is true will execute its corresponding code block.